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| Indonesia | Plants and Animal | Back to Top |
Spice crops first attracted Europeans to the East Indies, but the tropical climate and valuable volcanic soils offered a fertile laboratory for the introduction of new commercial crops such as sugar, coffee, and rubber. Large private plantations controlled by European and American interests became the backbone of the colonial economy in the late nineteenth century, when the Dutch colonial government began to limit the practice of tax collection by forced crop cultivation on village land. In 1929, just before the world market collapse in the Great Depression, agricultural products were 75 % of total Netherlands Indies exports, and about one-third of agricultural exports were from small-scale indigenous producers. Although sugar, then the single most valuable export crop, was entirely a plantation crop, a large share of rubber, next in export value to sugar, was supplied by smallholders; and coconut, then the third largest agricultural export, was produced almost exclusively by smallholders.
Smallholders, who owned nearly all of the farm animal in the nation, used their animals for draft power, manure, meat, and for future sale. Most farm animal, including some 16 million goats and sheep, were simply tethered near the home or put out to pasture on communal grazing land. Beef cattle numbered over 10 million in 1989. The water buffalo, the most common draft animal, numbered 3.3 million.Since 1978 the government provided technical assistance to poultry farmers, particularly in or near urban areas. The government also made great efforts to improve the dissemination of superior breeds and modern medicines. Chickens were the fastest growing commercial farm animal, numbering 508 million in 1989, an increase of 65% since 1984.
| Indonesia | Communications | Back to Top |
general assessment: domestic service fair, international service good
domestic: interisland microwave system and HF radio police net; domestic satellite communications system
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
| Indonesia | Culture | Back to Top |
Indonesia's social and geographical environment is one of the most complex and varied in the world. By one count, at least 669 distinct languages and well over 1,100 different dialects are spoken in the archipelago. The nation encompasses some 13,667 islands; the landscape ranges from rain forests and steaming mangrove swamps to arid plains and snowcapped mountains. Major world religions--Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism--are described. Political systems vary from the ornate sultans' courts of Central Java to the egalitarian communities of hunter-gatherers of Sumatran jungles.Some Indonesian communities rely on orthodox feasting systems and marriage exchange for economic distribution, while others act as sophisticated brokers in international trading networks operating throughout the South China Sea. Indonesians also have a wide mixture of living arrangements. Some go home at night to extended families living in isolated bamboo longhouses, others return to hamlets of tiny houses clustered around a mosque, whereas still others go home to nuclear families in urban high-rise apartment complexes.
Over the course of the 1980s, population mobility, educational achievement, and urbanization increased as Indonesians were exposed to the varieties of their nation's cultures through television, newspapers, schools, and cultural activities. Linkages to native geographic region and sociocultural heritage weakened. Ethnicity became a means of identification in certain situations but not in others.In a similar way, isolated hill tribes living in the interiors of the islands of Sulawesi, Seram, or Timor might express devotion to ancestral spirits through animal sacrifice at home, but swear loyalty to the Indonesian state in school and church, or at the polls. In the early 1990s one's identity as an Indonesian was still interwoven with one's familial, regional, and ethnic heritage.
| Indonesia | Defence | Back to Top |
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines
note: as of 1 July 2000, the National Police became an independent organization that reports directly to the president
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 64,046,049 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 37,418,755 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 2,263,706 (2001 est.)
| Indonesia | International Disputes | Back to Top |
Sipadan and Ligitan Islands in dispute with Malaysia
| Indonesia | Economy | Back to Top |
Indonesia’s economy was oriented to providing raw materials to The Netherlands. Subsistence agriculture, primarily the production of rice, was the mainstay of most of the population, but the economy also relied on plantation agriculture, including the production of sugar and rubber. Industry was not promoted so as to avoid competing with The Netherlands. The first few decades after freedom were marked by economic mismanagement. The government of President Sukarno focused on unifying the nation politically, not on rebuilding Indonesia’s crumbling infrastructure or improving the economy. In contrast, President Suharto’s “New Order” government gave much more priority to the economy, instituting a series of five-year plans (Repelita) starting in 1969. The aims of Suharto’s economic policy were to expand foreign investment and increase trade. When export revenues from oil declined in the early and mid-1980s, Indonesia was forced to expand other exports. To make these exports more competitive internationally, the government deregulated parts of the economy such as coastal transportation, finance, and banking.
Indonesia has played a modest role in the world economy since freedom, and its importance has been considerably less than its size, resources, and geographic position would seem to warrant. The nation is a major exporter of petroleum, natural gas, and tin. In addition, Indonesia is one of the world's main suppliers of rubber and a less remarkable producer of a wide range of other commodities, such as coffee, tea, tobacco, copra, spices,and oil-palm products. Nearly all commodity production comes from large estates. Widespread exploration for deposits of oil and other minerals has resulted in a number of large-scale projects that have contributed substantially to general development funds. The projects have, tended to reinforce the general position of Indonesia as a supplier of raw materials to world markets.
Indonesia, a large polyglot nation, faces severe economic problems, stemming from secessionist movements and the low level of security in the regions, the deficiency of reliable legal recourse in contract disputes, corruption, weaknesses in the banking system, and strained relations with the IMF. Investor confidence will remain low and few new jobs will be created under these circumstances. Growth of 4.8% in 2000 is not sustainable, being attributable to favorable short-term factors, including high world oil prices, a surge in nonoil exports, and increased domestic demand for consumer durables.
| Indonesia | Education | Back to Top |
The character of Indonesia's educational system reflects its various religious heritage, its fight for a national identity, and the challenge of resource allocation in a poor but developing archipelagic nation with a young and rapidly growing population. Although a draft constitution stated in 1950 that a key government goal was to offer every Indonesian with at least six years of primary schooling, the aim of universal education had not been reached by the late 1980s, particularly among females--although great improvements had been made.In 1973 Suharto issued an order to set aside portions of oil revenues for the construction of new primary schools. This act resulted in the construction or repair of nearly 40,000 primary school facilities by the late 1980s, a move that greatly facilitated the goal of universal education.
Education in Indonesia was designed mainly to prepare Dutch children and the children of native elite for administrative tasks. In 1903 a primary school for Indonesian girls opened, and by 1940 a system of schools for native Indonesians existed alongside the elite Dutch system. Following freedom in 1949, the new government tried to expand the educational system but was hampered by a deficiency of funds. In the late 1960s the government began promoting elementary education, which in Indonesia lasts for six years. Since 1990 compulsory education includes elementary schooling and three years of lower secondary schooling. An additional three years of upper secondary schooling are optional.
| Indonesia | Government | Back to Top |
Government: Unitary republic based on separation of powers into administrator, legislative, and judicial branches. Constitution of 1945 in force, and power concentrated in presidency; mandate renewed by People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), which meets every five years to elect president and vice president. Unicameral elected House of People's Representatives (DPR) shares legislative authority with MPR, which comprises members of DPR plus others appointed by central government. Supreme Court highest court of land.
Politics: Emphasis on consensus, unity, and controlled political development. Political ideologies other than Pancasila illegal. Since 1973 all political groups identified with three legal political organizations: Golkar, government surrogate party; and two opposition parties, Muslim-oriented United Development Party (PPP) and secularist Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). DPR elections every five years preceding MPR session. Golkar has held absolute majority since early 1970s.
Administrative Divisions: Twenty-four provinces (propinsi), two special regions (daerah istimewa), and one special capital city region (daerah khusus ibukota). These divisions subseparated into districts (kabupaten) and municipalities (kotamadya). Lower levels comprise subdistricts (kecamatan) and villages (desa).
Foreign Relations: Member of United Nations (UN), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Nonaligned Movement, and numerous other international organizations. Relations with all major nations based on principles of nonalignment.
| Indonesia | History | Back to Top |
Before european intrusions into the islands by Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch seeking to monopolize the lucrative trade in spices and other marketable products, the more than 13,000 islands constituting the Republic of Indonesia were home to a various array of cultures and civilizations that had been determined by HinduBuddhist ideas from India and by Islam, as well as indigenous beliefs. Although the Portuguese and Spanish presence in the archipelago had limited impact, the Dutch United East India Company accomplished a trading post on the north coast of Java--what later became known as Jakarta--seized control of the spice trade, and gradually asserted military and political control over the archipelago. This process of colonization was well advanced on Java by the mid-eighteenth century and largely completed in the rest of the archipelago by the first decade of the twentieth century.
Suharto's New Order regime placed ABRI firmly in control of Indonesia's political system and, to an extent, its economy as well. Friendly ties were restored with Western countries and Japan, and Indonesia accepted large amounts of Western and Japanese aid and private investment. Under rational economic planning policies, the nation experienced orderly development and increases in the standard of living for most of the population. But Suharto's strong anticommunism and insistence on using the Pancasila as the ideological foundation of all groups in society contributed to a tightly controlled, centralized system. The regime's occupations of West New Guinea and East Timor were a focus of international criticism, stemming from charges of human rights violations. Reelected repeatedly to the presidency, Suharto was regarded by many observers as indispensable to the system's stability and continuity.
| Indonesia | Introduction | Back to Top |
Indonesia, Republic of, island republic and largest nation of South East Asia, constituting most of the Malay Archipelago and including all of the former Netherlands Indies. Indonesia comprises more than 13,670 islands straddling the equator, 6,000 of which are colonised. From the island of Sumatra in the west to that of New Guinea in the east, Indonesia stretches across some 5,150 km (3,200 mi) of ocean, or almost one eighth of the Earth's circumference; Indonesia's north-south spread is about 1,931 km (1,200 mi).
Population 195,280,000 (1995 official estimate) Population Density 102 people/sq km (264 people/sq mi) (1995 estimate) Urban/Rural Breakdown 42% Urban 58% Rural Largest Cities Jakarta9,160,500 Surabaya2,701,300 Bandung2,368,200 Medan1,909,700 (1996 estimate) Ethnic Groups 40% Javanese 15% Sundanese 45% Other including Madurese,Acehnese,Bataks,Balinese,Dayaks,Ambonese,Timorese, Languages Official Language Bahasa Indonesia Other Languages Javanese, Sundanese, and many other local languages Religions 87% Islam 13% Other including Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism
| Indonesia | Land | Back to Top |
N/A
| Indonesia | Languages | Back to Top |
300 languages and dialects are spoken in Indonesia, but Bahasa Indonesia is the official and most widely spoken tongue. Its common use has helped unify the nation since freedom in 1949. Bahasa Indonesia is based on Malay, long the market language of coastal towns, and it contains elements of Chinese, Indian, Dutch, and English. In 1972 Indonesia and Malaysia, where the Malay-based Bahasa Malaysia is the official language, agreed on a revised and uniform system for spelling Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Malaysia. Today, television programs, major newspapers, schools, and universities all use Bahasa Indonesia.
| Indonesia | Legal | Back to Top |
freedom: 17 August 1945 (proclaimed freedom; on 27 December 1949, Indonesia became legally independent from the Netherlands) National holiday: freedom Day, 17 August (1945) Constitution: August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959 Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction vote: 17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age administrator branch: chief of state: President MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri (since 23 July 2001) and Vice President Hamzah HAZ (since 26 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri (since 23 July 2001) and Vice President Hamzah HAZ (since 26 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice president elected separately by the 700-member People's Consultative Assembly or MPR for five-year terms; election for president last held 23 July 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); election for vice president last held 26 July 2001 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri elected president, receiving 591 votes in favor (91 abstentions); Hamzah HAZ elected vice president, receiving 340 votes in favor (237 against) note: the People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) includes the House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR) plus 200 indirectly selected members; it meets every five years to elect the president and vice president and to approve the broad outlines of national policy Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (500 seats; 462 elected by popular vote, 38 are appointed military representatives; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 7 June 1999 (next to be held NA June 2004) election results: % of vote by party - PDI-P 37.4%, Golkar 20.9%, PKB 17.4%, PPP 10.7%, PAN 7.3%, PBB 1.8%, other 4.5%; seats by party - PDI-P 154, Golkar 120, PPP 58, PKB 51, PAN 35, PBB 14, other 30 Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature)
| Indonesia | Life | Back to Top |
Indonesian archipelago is home to many different ways of life, reflecting the region’s history. Before freedom, the only factor uniting the islands was Dutch colonialism. Although the kingdoms of Sri Vijaya, Majapahit, and Mataram spread their determine widely throughout the islands, none of the native empires ever controlled the whole region. Nor did Buddhism or Hinduism have a remarkable impact in the far eastern stretches. As the nation has modernized and urbanized, life in the cities has evolved new patterns, adding additional variety to Indonesian life.
| Indonesia | organization | Back to Top |
APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
| Indonesia | People | Back to Top |
There was widespread agreement within the Indonesian government and among foreign advisers that one of the most pressing problems facing the nation in the early 1990s was overpopulation. While Indonesia still had high fertility rates, there were remarkable reductions in these levels in the 1980s. The overall population annual growth rate was reduced to an around 2.0 % by 1990, down from 2.2 in the 1975-80 time. The crude birth rate declined from 48.8 births per 1,000 in 1968 to 29 per 1,000 in 1990.Although the widely publicized goal of 22 per 1,000 by 1991 was not achieved, the results were impressive for a nation the size of Indonesia.The success of the program in these areas seemed to be directly linked to the improved education of women,their increasing tendency to postpone marriage, and, most valuable, to a growing awareness and effective use of modern contraceptives.
The inability of these islands to support ever larger populations on ever smaller plots of land was apparent in 1992, particularly to the farmers themselves. Although the intensification of padi agriculture had for decades permitted the absorption of this rising labor force, the rural poor from Java, Bali, and Madura were leaving their native areas to seek more land and opportunity elsewhere. Attempts at remarkable land reform, which might have improved the peasants'lot, were stalled-if not abandoned-in many areas of Java because of riots and massacres following the alleged communist coup attempt of 1965. Reformers were cautious about raising the issue of land redistribution for fear of being branded communists.
| Indonesia | Politics | Back to Top |
Crescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA, chairman]; Development Unity Party or PPP (federation of former Islamic parties) [Hamzah HAZ, chairman]; Federation of Functional Groups or Golkar [Akbar TANJUNG, general chairman]; Indonesia Democracy Party or PDI (federation of former Nationalist and Christian Parties) [Budi HARDJONO, chairman]; Indonesia Democracy Party-fight or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri, chairperson]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Matori Abdul DJALIL, chairman]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Amien RAIS, chairman]
| Indonesia | Provinces | Back to Top |
27 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Irian Jaya, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Yogyakarta*; note - the province of Irian Jaya may have been separated into two new provinces - Central Irian Jaya and West Irian Jaya; with the implementation of decentralization on 1 January 2001, the 357 districts (regencies) may become the key administrative units
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| Indonesia | Time | Back to Top |
| Indonesia | Currency and General Information | Back to Top |
| Countries Currency Unit | IDR/Unit | Units/IDR | |
| DZD | Algeria Dinars | 126.909 | 0.00787965 |
| USD | United States Dollars | 9,824.43 | 0.000101787 |
| ARS | Argentina Pesos | 3,335.97 | 0.000299763 |
| AUD | Australia Dollars | 5,241.47 | 0.000190786 |
| ATS | Austria Schillings ** | 621.874 | 0.00160804 |
| BSD | Bahamas Dollars | 9,824.43 | 0.000101787 |
| BBD | Barbados Dollars | 4,936.90 | 0.000202556 |
| BEF | Belgium Francs ** | 212.127 | 0.00471416 |
| BMD | Bermuda Dollars | 9,824.43 | 0.000101787 |
| BRL | Brazil Reals | 4,225.56 | 0.000236655 |
| GBP | United Kingdom Pounds | 14,008.27 | 0.0000713864 |
| BGL | Bulgaria Leva | 4,394.40 | 0.000227563 |
| CAD | Canada Dollars | 6,158.88 | 0.000162367 |
| CLP | Chile Pesos | 14.9660 | 0.0668182 |
| CNY | China Yuan Renminbi | 1,186.90 | 0.000842533 |
| CYP | Cyprus Pounds | 14,953.46 | 0.0000668741 |
| CZK | Czech Republic Koruny | 277.143 | 0.00360825 |
| DKK | Denmark Kroner | 1,151.88 | 0.000868149 |
| XCD | East Caribbean Dollars | 3,638.68 | 0.000274825 |
| EGP | Egypt Pounds | 2,120.76 | 0.000471529 |
| EUR | Euro | 8,557.17 | 0.000116861 |
| FJD | Fiji Dollars | 4,395.72 | 0.000227494 |
| FIM | Finland Markkaa ** | 1,439.21 | 0.000694824 |
| FRF | France Francs ** | 1,304.53 | 0.000766558 |
| DEM | Germany Deutsche Marks ** | 4,375.21 | 0.000228560 |
| XAU | Gold Ounces | 2,969,388.68 | 0.000000336770 |
| GRD | Greece Drachmae ** | 25.1128 | 0.0398204 |
| HKD | Hong Kong Dollars | 1,259.61 | 0.000793899 |
| HUF | Hungary Forint | 35.1909 | 0.0284165 |
| ISK | Iceland Kronur | 98.2504 | 0.0101781 |
| INR | India Rupees | 201.304 | 0.00496761 |
| IDR | Indonesia Rupiahs | 1.00000 | 1.00000 |
| IEP | Ireland Pounds ** | 10,865.37 | 0.0000920355 |
| ILS | Israel New Shekels | 2,071.38 | 0.000482770 |
| ITL | Italy Lire ** | 4.41941 | 0.226275 |
| JMD | Jamaica Dollars | 206.352 | 0.00484608 |
| JPY | Japan Yen | 74.0628 | 0.0135021 |
| JOD | Jordan Dinars | 13,856.74 | 0.0000721671 |
| LBP | Lebanon Pounds | 6.48905 | 0.154106 |
| LUF | Luxembourg Francs ** | 212.127 | 0.00471416 |
| MYR | Malaysia Ringgits | 2,586.06 | 0.000386689 |
| MXN | Mexico Pesos | 1,090.35 | 0.000917135 |
| NZD | New Zealand Dollars | 4,327.50 | 0.000231081 |
| NOK | Norway Kroner | 1,109.65 | 0.000901188 |
| NLG | Netherlands Guilders ** | 3,883.08 | 0.000257528 |
| PKR | Pakistan Rupees | 163.604 | 0.00611232 |
| PHP | Philippines Pesos | 192.560 | 0.00519318 |
| XPT | Platinum Ounces | 5,098,659.23 | 0.000000196130 |
| PLN | Poland Zlotych | 2,389.35 | 0.000418524 |
| PTE | Portugal Escudos ** | 42.6830 | 0.0234285 |
| ROL | Romania Lei | 0.298297 | 3.35236 |
| RUR | Russia Rubles | 315.695 | 0.00316762 |
| SAR | Saudi Arabia Riyals | 2,619.81 | 0.000381708 |
| XAG | Silver Ounces | 45,485.52 | 0.0000219850 |
| SGD | Singapore Dollars | 5,332.98 | 0.000187512 |
| SKK | Slovakia Koruny | 204.889 | 0.00488070 |
| ZAR | South Africa Rand | 864.997 | 0.00115607 |
| KRW | South Korea Won | 7.43821 | 0.134441 |
| ESP | Spain Pesetas ** | 51.4296 | 0.0194440 |
| XDR | IMF Special Drawing Rights | 12,249.25 | 0.0000816376 |
| SDD | Sudan Dinars | 37.7863 | 0.0264647 |
| SEK | Sweden Kronor | 948.219 | 0.00105461 |
| CHF | Switzerland Francs | 5,843.47 | 0.000171131 |
| TWD | Taiwan New Dollars | 281.099 | 0.00355746 |
| THB | Thailand Baht | 225.581 | 0.00443301 |
| TTD | Trinidad and Tobago Dollars | 1,605.30 | 0.000622937 |
| TRL | Turkey Liras | 0.00730931 | 136.812 |
| VEB | Venezuela Bolivares | 10.6696 | 0.0937246 |
| ZMK | Zambia Kwacha | 2.19786 | 0.454988 |
| Indonesia : Geographic coordinates | 5 00 S, 120 00 E |
| Indonesia : Population growth rate | 1.6% |
| Indonesia : Birth rate | 22.26 births/1,000 population |
| Indonesia : Death rate | 6.3 deaths/1,000 population |
| Indonesia : People living with HIV/AIDS | 52,000 |
| Indonesia : Independence | 17 August 1945 |
| Indonesia : National holiday | Independence Day, 17 August |
| Indonesia : Constitution | August 1945 |
| Indonesia : GDP | purchasing power parity - $654 billion |
| Indonesia : GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $2,900 |
| Indonesia : Electricity - consumption | 73.167 billion kWh |
| Indonesia : Exports | $64.7 billion oil and gas, plywood, textiles, rubber |
| Indonesia : Imports | $40.4 billion machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs |
| Indonesia : Telephones | 5,588,310 |
| Indonesia : Mobile cellular | 1.07 million |
| Indonesia : Radio broadcast stations | AM 678, FM 43, shortwave 82 |
| Indonesia : Radios | 31.5 million |
| Indonesia : Television broadcast stations | 41 |
| Indonesia : Televisions | 13.75 million |
| Indonesia : Internet country code | .id |
| Indonesia : Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 24 |
| Indonesia : Internet users | 400,000 |
| Indonesia : Railways | 6,458 km |
| Indonesia : Highways | 342,700 km |
| Indonesia : Waterways | 21,579 km |
| Indonesia : Pipelines | crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km |
| Indonesia : Ports and harbors | Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Makassar, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya |
| Indonesia : Merchant marine | 609 ships |
| Indonesia : Airports | 453 |
| Indonesia : Heliports | N/A |
| Indonesia : Military branches | Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines |
| Indonesia : Military expenditures | $1 billion |