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| India | Largest Cities | Back to Top |
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Agra Ahmedabad Amritsar Bangalore Bhopal |
Calcutta Chennail Delhi Hyderabad Imphal |
Kanpur Jaipur Mumbai Nagpur Patna |
Srinagar Visakhapatnam |
| India | States | Back to Top |
| India | Plants and Animal | Back to Top |
The average rate of output growth since the 1950s has been more than 2.5 % per year and was greater than 3 % during the 1980s, compared with less than 1 % per annum during the time from 1900 to 1950. Most of the growth in aggregate crop output was the result of an increase in yields, rather than an increase in the area under crops. The yield performance of crops has varied widely.
Operation Flood, the world's largest integrated dairy development program, attempted to establish linkages between rural milk producers and urban consumers by organizing farmer-owned and -managed dairy cooperative societies. In the early 1990s, the program was in its third phase and was receiving financial assistance from the World Bank and commodity assistance from the European Economic Community. At that time, India had more than 64,000 dairy cooperative societies, with close to 7.7 million members. These cooperatives accomplished a daily processing capacity of 15.5 million liters of whole milk and 727 tons of milk powder.
| India | Communications | Back to Top |
mediocre service; local and long distance service provided throughout all regions of the nation, with services primarily concentrated in the urban areas; major objective is to continue to expand and modernize long-distance network in order to keep pace with rapidly growing number of local subscriber lines; steady improvement is taking place with the recent admission of private and private-public investors, but, with telephone density at about two for each 100 persons and a waiting list of over 2 million, demand for main line telephone service will not be satisfied for a very long time.
domestic: local service is provided by microwave radio relay and coaxial cable, with open wire and obsolete electromechanical and manual switchboard systems still in use in rural areas; starting in the 1980s, a substantial amount of digital switch gear has been introduced for local and long-distance service; long-distance traffic is carried mostly by coaxial cable and low-capacity microwave radio relay; since 1985 remarkable trunk capacity has been added in the form of fiber-optic cable and a domestic satellite system with 254 earth stations; mobile cellular service is provided in four metropolitan cities.
international: satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region); nine gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Kolkata (Calcutta), Chennai (Madras), Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gaidhinagar, Hyderabad, and Ernakulam; 4 submarine cables - LOCOM linking Chennai (Madras) to Penang; Indo-UAE-Gulf cable linking Mumbai (Bombay) to Al Fujayrah, UAE; India-SEA-ME-WE-3, SEA-ME-WE-2 with landing sites at Cochin and Mumbai (Bombay); Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) with landing site at Mumbai (Bombay) (2000)
| India | Culture | Back to Top |
India is justly famous for its complex social systems. Indian society is multifaceted to an extent perhaps unknown in any other of the world's great civilizations. Virtually no generalization made about Indian society is valid for all of the nation's multifarious groups. Comprehending the complexities of Indian social structure has challenged scholars and other observers over many decades.
Given the large variety of Indian society, any observation must be tempered with the understanding that it cannot apply to all Indians. Still, certain themes or underlying principles of life are widely accepted in India.
| India | Defence | Back to Top |
Military branches: Army, Navy (including naval air arm), Air Force, various security or paramilitary forces (includes Border Security Force, Assam Rifles, Rashtriya Rifles, and National Security Guards)
Military manpower - military age: 17 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 280,204,502 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 164,410,461 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 10,879,384 (2001 est.)
| India | International Disputes | Back to Top |
boundary with China in dispute; status of Kashmir with Pakistan; water-sharing problems with Pakistan over the Indus River; a portion of the boundary with Bangladesh is indefinite; exchange of 151 enclaves along border with Bangladesh subject to ratification by Indian parliament; dispute with Bangladesh over New Moore/South Talpatty Island
| India | Economy | Back to Top |
Under British rule in the 19th century, India’s cottage industries and thriving trade were virtually destroyed to make way for European manufactured goods, paid for by exports of agricultural products such as cotton, opium, and tea. Beginning in the late 19th century a modern industrial area and an considerable infrastructure of railways and irrigation works were slowly built with British and Indian capital. Nevertheless, India’s economy stagnated during the last 30 or so years of British rule. At freedom in 1947 India was desperately poor, with an aging textile industry as its only major industrial sector.
no more than one-fifth of India's large labour force is employed in the so-called “organized” area of the economy ,but that small fraction generates a disproportionate share of the nation's gross domestic product, supports most of the middle- and upper-class population, and generates most of the economic growth. Much of the organized area is unionized, and strikes are frequent and often protracted. Many of the unions are affiliated with one of a number of government-recognized and regulated all-India “central” trade union organizations, several of which have membership in the millions. The more valuable of these are affiliated with national political parties. Apart from rank-and-file labourers, the organized area engages most of India's professionals and virtually all of its large pool of scientists and technicians.
| India | Education | Back to Top |
Education is separated into preprimary, primary, middle, secondary and higher levels. Primary school includes children of ages six to eleven, organized into classes one through five. Middle school pupils aged eleven through fourteen are organized into classes six through eight, and high school students ages fourteen through seventeen are listed in classes nine through twelve. Higher education includes technical schools, colleges, and universities.
India’s official goal for education since freedom in 1947 has been to ensure compulsory education for all up to age 14. A deficiency of money and effort put into primary education, has hampered the achievement of that goal. At freedom 25 % of males and 8 % of females were literate. In 2001 those figures had been raised to 80 % of males and 66 % of females—73 % of the overall population. The government invests comparatively more in secondary and tertiary schools, particularly colleges and universities. There was no serious political demand for primary education until the 1990s, when a grassroots movement arose to organize volunteers and conduct campaigns for universal adult literacy.
| India | Government | Back to Top |
Government: Federal republic based on separation of powers into administrator, legislative, and judicial branches. Central government known as union government. Constitution of 1950 in force but much amended; power concentrated in Parliament with upper house--Rajya Sabha (Council of States)--appointed by president and elected by state and territory assemblies and lower house--Lok Sabha (House of the People)--popularly elected. Supreme Court highest court of land; high courts in states.
Administrative Divisions: Twenty-five states with 476 districts, one national capital territory, six union territories. State governors appointed by president, chief minister member of popularly elected state assembly; central-government agencies prevalent at local levels. Constitution allows central control of state government (President's Rule) during time of emergency on recommendation of governor. Districts subseparated into taluqs or tehsils, townships that contain from 200 to 600 villages. Small, centrally controlled union territories with lieutenant governor or chief commissioner appointed by president.
Politics: With 354 million voters, some 14,700 candidates, more than 500 parties, and nearly 595,000 polling stations in April-May 1996 elections, India often called "world's largest democ-racy." Since freedom, controlled by Indian National Congress and its factions; occasional rule by minority-party and coalition governments; Janata Party, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), communist parties, and several regional parties also valuable.
Foreign Relations: Member of United Nations (UN), South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Nonaligned Movement, and numerous other international organizations. Relations with all major nations based on principles of nonalignment.
| India | History | Back to Top |
Those "Who wear cotton clothes, use the decimal system, enjoy the taste of [curried] chicken, play chess, or roll dice, and seek peace of mind or tranquility through meditation," writes historian Stanley Wolpert, "are indebted to India." India's deep-rooted civilization may appear exotic or even inscrutable to casual foreign observers, but a perceptive individual can see its evolution, shaped by a wide range of factors: extreme climatic conditions, a bewildering variety of people, a host of competing political overlords,enduring religious and philosophical beliefs, and complex linguistic and literary developments that led to the flowering of regional and pan-Indian culture during the last three millennia. The interplay among a mixture of political and socioeconomic forces has created a complex amalgam of cultures that continue amidst conflict, compromise, and adaptation. "Wherever we turn," says Wolpert, "we find . . . palaces, temples, mosques, Victorian railroad stations, Buddhist stupas, Mauryan pillars; each century has its unique testaments, often standing incongruously close to ruins of another era, sometimes juxtaposed one atop another, much like the ruins of Rome, or Bath."
India's "great cycle of history," as Professor Hugh Tinker put it, entails repeating themes that continue to add complexity and variety to the cultural matrix. Throughout its history, India has undergone innumerable episodes involving military conquests and integration, cultural infusion and assimilation, political unification and fragmentation, religious toleration and conflict, and communal harmony and violence.India has proven its remarkable resilience and its innate ability to reconcile opposing elements from many indigenous and foreign cultures. Unlike the West, where modern political developments and industrialization have created a more secular worldview with redefined roles and values for individuals and families, India remains largely a orthodox society, in which change seems only superficial. Although India is the world's largest democracy and the seventh-most industrialized nation in the world, the underpinnings of India's civilization stem primarily from its own social structure, religious beliefs, philosophical outlook, and cultural values. The continuity of those time-honed orthodox ways of life has provided unique and fascinating patterns in the tapestry of contemporary Indian civilization.
| India | Introduction | Back to Top |
India (in Hindi, Bharat), officially Republic of India, federal democracy in southern Asia and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, comprising, with Pakistan and Bangladesh, the subcontinent of India. India is the seventh-largest nation in the world and the second most populous, after China. It geographically consists of the entire Indian peninsula and portions of the Asian mainland. India is bordered on the north by Afghanistan, Tibet, Nepal, China, and Bhutan; on the south by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar, which separate it from Sri Lanka, and the Indian Ocean; on the west by the Arabian Sea and Pakistan; on the east by Myanmar (Burma), the Bay of Bengal and Bangladesh, which almost cuts off north-east India from the rest of the nation. With Jammu and Kashmir (the definitive status of which has not been determined), India has an area of 3,287,263 sq km (1,269,219 sq mi). The capital of India is New Delhi, and the nation's largest city is Mumbai (formerly Bombay).
Population 913,200,000 (1996 estimate) Population Density 277 people/sq km (717 people/sq mi) (1996 estimate) Urban/Rural Breakdown 27% Urban 73% Rural Largest Cities Mumbai9,925,891 Delhi7,206,704 Calcutta4,309,819 (1991 census) Largest Metropolitan Areas Mumbai12,596,243 Calcutta11,021,915 Delhi 8,419,084 (1991 census) Ethnic Groups 72% Indo-Aryans 25% Dravidians 3% Other including Mongoloids Languages Official Languages Hindi English Other Languages 16 regional languages, including Gujarati, Bengali, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Urdu, Oriya, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi, and Bhojpuri, plus many local languages Religions 82% Hinduism 12% Islam 6% Other including Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism
| India | Land | Back to Top |
In 1987, field crops were planted on about 45 % of the total land mass of India. Of this cultivated land, almost 37 million hectares were double-cropped, making the gross sown area equivalent to almost 173 million hectares. About 15 million hectares were permanent grazing land or were planted in various tree crops and groves. around 108 million hectares were either developed for nonagricultural uses, forested, or unsuited for agriculture because of topography. About 29.6 million hectares of the remaining land were classified as cultivable but fallow, and 15.6 million hectares were classified as cultivable wasteland. Expansion in crop production, therefore, has to come almost entirely from increasing yields on lands already in some kind of agricultural use.
Topography, soils, rainfall, and the availability of water for irrigation have been major determinants of the crop and farm animal patterns characteristic of the three major geographic regions of India--the Himalayas, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and the Peninsula--and their agro-ecological subregions. Government policy as regards irrigation, the introduction of new crops, research and education, and incentives has had some impact on changing the orthodox crop and farm animal patterns in these subregions. The monsoons, play a critical role in determining whether the harvest will be bountiful, average, or poor in any given year. One of the objectives of government policy in the early 1990s was to find methods of reducing this dependence on the monsoons.
| Brunei | Languages | Back to Top |
Hindi is the main language of more than 40 % of the population. It was therefore made India’s official language in 1965. English, which was associated with British rule, was retained as an option for official use because some non-Hindi speakers, particularly in Tamil Nadu, opposed the official use of Hindi. English is spoken by as many as 5 % of Indians, and various Dravidian languages are spoken by about 25 %. No single language other than Hindi, can claim speakers among even 10 % of Indians. Many Indians speak more than one language, particularly those who live in cities or near state borders, which were redrawn in 1956 in part to conform to linguistic boundaries. Because the languages of both northern and southern families are internally related, much like the Romance and Germanic languages of Europe, learning a second language is not difficult.
| India | Legal | Back to Top |
Legal system: based on English common law; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations vote: 18 years of age; universal administrator branch: chief of state: President Kocheril Raman NARAYANAN (since 25 July 1997); Vice President Krishnan KANT (since 21 August 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Atal Behari VAJPAYEE (since 19 March 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and the legislatures of the states for a five-year term; election last held 14 July 1997 (next to be held NA July 2002); vice president elected by both houses of Parliament for a five-year term; election last held 16 August 1997 (next to be held NA August 2002); prime minister elected by parliamentary members of the majority party following legislative elections; election last held NA October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004) election results: Kocheril Raman NARAYANAN elected president; % of electoral college vote - NA%; Krishnan KANT elected vice president; % of Parliament vote - NA%; Atal Behari VAJPAYEE elected prime minister; % of vote - NA% Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament or Sansad consists of the Council of States or Rajya Sabha (a body consisting of not more than 250 members, up to 12 of which are appointed by the president, the remainder are chosen by the elected members of the state and territorial assemblies; members serve six-year terms) and the People's Assembly or Lok Sabha (545 seats; 543 elected by popular vote, 2 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) elections: People's Assembly - last held 5 September through 3 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: People's Assembly - % of vote by party - BJP alliance 40.8%, Congress alliance 33.8%, other 25.4%; seats by party - BJP alliance 304, Congress alliance 134, other 107 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65)
| India | Life | Back to Top |
In most of Hindu India, people belong not only to coresident family groups but to larger aggregates of kin as well. Subsuming the family is the patrilineage -known in northern and central India as the khandan , kutumb , or kul, a locally based set of males who trace their ancestry to a common progenitor a few generations back, plus their wives and unmarried daughters. Larger than the patrilineage is the clan, commonly known as the gotra or got , a much larger group of patrilineally related males and their wives and daughters, who often trace common ancestry to a mythological figure. In some regions, particularly among the high-ranking Rajputs of western India, clans are hierarchically ordered. Some people also claim membership in larger, more amorphous groupings known as vansh and sakha .
Neighbors and friends may also create fictive kinship ties by informal agreement. Actually, any strong friendship between otherwise unrelated people is typically imbued with kinship-like qualities. In such friendships, kinship terms are adopted for address, and the give and take of kinship may develop. Such bonds commonly evolve between neighbors in urban apartment buildings, between special friends at school, and between close associates at work. The use of kinship terms enhances affection in the relationship. In Gujarat, personal names usually include the word for "sister" and "brother," so that the use of someone's personal name automatically sounds affectionate and caring.
| India | organization | Back to Top |
AfDB, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G- 6, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA (observer), IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
| India | People | Back to Top |
The 1991 final census count gave India a total population of 846,302,688. estimates of India's population vary widely. According to the Population Division of the United Nations Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, the population had already reached 866 million in 1991. The Population Division of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) projected 896.5 million by mid-1993 with a 1.9 % annual growth rate. The United States Bureau of the Census, assuming an annual population growth rate of 1.8 %, put India's population in July 1995 at 936,545,814. These higher projections merit attention in light of the fact that the Planning Commission had around a figure of 844 million for 1991 while preparing the Eighth Five-Year Plan.
The results of the 1991 census revealed that around 221 million, or 26.1 %, of Indian's population lived in urban areas. Of this total, about 138 million people, or 16 %, lived in the 299 urban agglomerations. In 1991 the twenty-four metropolitan cities accounted for 51 % of India's total population living in Class I urban centers, with Bombay and Calcutta the largest at 12.6 million and 10.9 million, respectively.
Religion is very valuable in India, with deep historical roots; Hinduism and Buddhism both originated here. Most people in India practice Hinduism with Islam a distant second. Other valuable religions include Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Indo-European languages stem originally from Sanskrit. Present-day languages in this family formed in the 14th and 15th centuries. These include Hindi and Urdu, which are similar as spoken languages. Hindi, spoken mainly by Hindus, is written in script called Devanagari and draws on Sanskrit vocabulary. Urdu is spoken mostly by Muslims and uses Persian Arabic script. Tamil is the oldest of the four main Dravidian languages, with a literary history that begins in the 1st century.
| India | Politics | Back to Top |
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [C. Jayalalitha JAYARAM]; All India Forward Bloc or AIFB [Prem Dutta PALIWAL (chairman), Chitta BASU (general secretary)]; Asom Gana Parishad [Prafulla Kumar MAHANTA]; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [Kanshi RAM]; Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Bangaru LAXMAN, president]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [Ardhendu Bhushan BARDHAN]; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist or CPI/ML [Vinod MISHRA]; Congress (I) Party [Sonia GANDHI, president]; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham or DMK (a regional party in Tamil Nadu) [M. KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National League [Suliaman SAIT]; Janata Dal (Secular) [H. D. Deve GOWDA]; Janata Dal (United) or JDU [Sharad YADAV, president, I. K. GUJRAL]; Kerala Congress (Mani faction) [K. M. MANI]; Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or MDMK [VAIKO]; Muslim League [G. M. BANATWALA]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; National Democratic Alliance, a 16-party alliance including BJP, DMK, Janata Dal (U), SHS, Shiromani Akali Dal, Telugu Desam, BJD, Rinamool Congress]; Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Revolutionary Socialist Party or RSP [Tridip CHOWDHURY]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV, president]; Shiromani Akali Dal [Prakash Singh BADAL]; Shiv Sena [Bal THACKERAY]; Tamil Maanila Congress [G. K. MOOPANAR]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP (a regional party in Andhra Pradesh) [Chandrababu NAIDU]; Trinamool Congress [Mamata BANERJEE]
| India | Provinces | Back to Top |
28 states and 7 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli*, Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
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| India | Time | Back to Top |
| India | Currency and General Information | Back to Top |
| Countries Currency Unit | INR/Unit | Units/INR | |
| DZD | Algeria Dinars | 0.630436 | 1.58620 |
| USD | United States Dollars | 48.8040 | 0.0204901 |
| ARS | Argentina Pesos | 16.5718 | 0.0603435 |
| AUD | Australia Dollars | 26.0376 | 0.0384060 |
| ATS | Austria Schillings ** | 3.08923 | 0.323705 |
| BSD | Bahamas Dollars | 48.8040 | 0.0204901 |
| BBD | Barbados Dollars | 24.5246 | 0.0407754 |
| BEF | Belgium Francs ** | 1.05376 | 0.948979 |
| BMD | Bermuda Dollars | 48.8040 | 0.0204901 |
| BRL | Brazil Reals | 20.9909 | 0.0476396 |
| GBP | United Kingdom Pounds | 69.5877 | 0.0143704 |
| BGL | Bulgaria Leva | 21.8297 | 0.0458092 |
| CAD | Canada Dollars | 30.5949 | 0.0326851 |
| CLP | Chile Pesos | 0.0743453 | 13.4508 |
| CNY | China Yuan Renminbi | 5.89605 | 0.169605 |
| CYP | Cyprus Pounds | 74.2830 | 0.0134620 |
| CZK | Czech Republic Koruny | 1.37674 | 0.726354 |
| DKK | Denmark Kroner | 5.72208 | 0.174762 |
| XCD | East Caribbean Dollars | 18.0755 | 0.0553234 |
| EGP | Egypt Pounds | 10.5351 | 0.0949206 |
| EUR | Euro | 42.5087 | 0.0235246 |
| FJD | Fiji Dollars | 21.8362 | 0.0457955 |
| FIM | Finland Markkaa ** | 7.14945 | 0.139871 |
| FRF | France Francs ** | 6.48041 | 0.154311 |
| DEM | Germany Deutsche Marks ** | 21.7344 | 0.0460101 |
| XAU | Gold Ounces | 14,750.78 | 0.0000677930 |
| GRD | Greece Drachmae ** | 0.124750 | 8.01600 |
| HKD | Hong Kong Dollars | 6.25724 | 0.159815 |
| HUF | Hungary Forint | 0.174815 | 5.72035 |
| ISK | Iceland Kronur | 0.488070 | 2.04889 |
| INR | India Rupees | 1.00000 | 1.00000 |
| IDR | Indonesia Rupiahs | 0.00496761 | 201.304 |
| IEP | Ireland Pounds ** | 53.9750 | 0.0185271 |
| ILS | Israel New Shekels | 10.2898 | 0.0971836 |
| ITL | Italy Lire ** | 0.0219539 | 45.5499 |
| JMD | Jamaica Dollars | 1.02508 | 0.975536 |
| JPY | Japan Yen | 0.367915 | 2.71802 |
| JOD | Jordan Dinars | 68.8349 | 0.0145275 |
| LBP | Lebanon Pounds | 0.0322351 | 31.0221 |
| LUF | Luxembourg Francs ** | 1.05376 | 0.948979 |
| MYR | Malaysia Ringgits | 12.8465 | 0.0778421 |
| MXN | Mexico Pesos | 5.41645 | 0.184623 |
| NZD | New Zealand Dollars | 21.4973 | 0.0465174 |
| NOK | Norway Kroner | 5.51229 | 0.181413 |
| NLG | Netherlands Guilders ** | 19.2896 | 0.0518414 |
| PKR | Pakistan Rupees | 0.812722 | 1.23043 |
| PHP | Philippines Pesos | 0.956565 | 1.04541 |
| XPT | Platinum Ounces | 25,328.17 | 0.0000394817 |
| PLN | Poland Zlotych | 11.8694 | 0.0842506 |
| PTE | Portugal Escudos ** | 0.212033 | 4.71625 |
| ROL | Romania Lei | 0.00148183 | 674.843 |
| RUR | Russia Rubles | 1.56825 | 0.637653 |
| SAR | Saudi Arabia Riyals | 13.0142 | 0.0768392 |
| XAG | Silver Ounces | 225.955 | 0.00442567 |
| SGD | Singapore Dollars | 26.4922 | 0.0377470 |
| SKK | Slovakia Koruny | 1.01781 | 0.982504 |
| ZAR | South Africa Rand | 4.29697 | 0.232722 |
| KRW | South Korea Won | 0.0369502 | 27.0635 |
| ESP | Spain Pesetas ** | 0.255483 | 3.91416 |
| XDR | IMF Special Drawing Rights | 60.8495 | 0.0164340 |
| SDD | Sudan Dinars | 0.187708 | 5.32744 |
| SEK | Sweden Kronor | 4.71039 | 0.212297 |
| CHF | Switzerland Francs | 29.0281 | 0.0344494 |
| TWD | Taiwan New Dollars | 1.39639 | 0.716131 |
| THB | Thailand Baht | 1.12060 | 0.892381 |
| TTD | Trinidad and Tobago Dollars | 7.97450 | 0.125400 |
| TRL | Turkey Liras | 0.0000363098 | 27,540.75 |
| VEB | Venezuela Bolivares | 0.0530023 | 18.8671 |
| ZMK | Zambia Kwacha | 0.0109181 | 91.5909 |
| India : Geographic coordinates | 20 00 N, 77 00 E |
| India : Population growth rate | 1.55% |
| India : Birth rate | 24.28 births/1,000 population |
| India : Death rate | 8.74 deaths/1,000 population |
| India : People living with HIV/AIDS | 3.7 million |
| India : Independence | 15 August 1947 |
| India : National holiday | Republic Day, 26 January |
| India : Constitution | 26 January 1950 |
| India : GDP | purchasing power parity - $2.2 trillion |
| India : GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $2,200 |
| India : Electricity - consumption | 424.032 billion kWh |
| India : Exports | $43.1 billion textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures |
| India : Imports | $60.8 billion crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals |
| India : Telephones | 27.7 million |
| India : Mobile cellular | 2.93 million |
| India : Radio broadcast stations | AM 153, FM 91, shortwave 68 |
| India : Radios | 116 million |
| India : Television broadcast stations | 562 |
| India : Televisions | 63 million |
| India : Internet country code | .in |
| India : Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 43 |
| India : Internet users | 4.5 million |
| India : Railways | 63,693 km |
| India : Highways | 3,319,644 km |
| India : Waterways | 16,180 km |
| India : Pipelines | crude oil 3,005 km; petroleum products 2,687 km; natural gas 1,700 km |
| India : Ports and harbors | Chennai (Madras), Cochin, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay), Vishakhapatnam |
| India : Merchant marine | 315 ships |
| India : Airports | 337 |
| India : Heliports | 16 |
| India : Military branches | Army, Navy (including naval air arm), Air Force |
| India : Military expenditures | $13.02 billion |