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| Czech Republic | Plants and Animal | Back to Top |
Most of the forest vegetation in the Czech Republic is evergreen. The main deciduous trees are oaks, beeches, birches, poplars, and willows. Wildlife includes rabbits, deer and boar. Environmental damage has severely reduced the number of wildlife and damaged many of the nation’s forests.
| Czech Republic | Communications | Back to Top |
General assessment: privatization and modernization of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; growth in the use of mobile cellular telephones is particularly vigorous
Domestic: 86% of exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems now being enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay
International: satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar
| Czech Republic | Culture | Back to Top |
The Czechoslovak socialist republic of the 1980s provided any number of contrasts with the Czechoslovak Republic, the multinational Central European state formed in 1918 from the dismantled Austro-Hungarian Empire. Large communities of ethnic minorities, some with strong irredentist leanings, were a major force in the First Republic's social and political life. As a result of the expulsion of most of the Germans after World War II and the ceding of Carpatho-Ukraine to the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia had become predominantly a nation of Czechs and Slovaks, with small minorities of Germans, Hungarians, Poles, and Ukrainians. Even though Czechoslovakia's ethnic makeup was simplified, the division between Czechs and Slovaks remained a potent social and political force. During the 1950s and 1960s, planners had put intensive efforts into redressing the economic imbalance between the Czech lands and Slovakia.
Interwar society in Czechoslovakia was a complex amalgam of large landholders, farmers, tenants, landless laborers, and specialists in the nationside and of many major entrepreneurs, a large industrial proletariat, hundreds of thousands of small-scale manufacturers, a various intelligentsia, shopkeepers, tradesmen, and craftsmen in the city. Nevertheless, extremes of wealth and poverty then typical in so much of Eastern Europe were largely absent.
Because of the post-World War II nationalization of industry and collectivization of agriculture, private ownership virtually became a thing of the past in communist Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia's much-simplified contemporary social spectrum is made up of collective farmers, workers, the intelligentsia, the communist party elite, and a few private farmers and tradesmen. The reform movement of the late 1960s, popularly dubbed the "Prague Spring," was an effort mainly by the Czechs to restructure Marxist-Leninist socialism in a way more suitable to their respective historical,cultural, and economic circumstances. "Normalization," the official label for the government's efforts to stamp out the remnants of this "counterrevolutionary" movement, was essentially a series of carrot-and-stick measures: far-reaching flushes of those who might have been active in the reform era or remotely dissident in the 1970s, coupled with a concerted effort to placate the majority of the populace with relative material prosperity. In the 1980s, the emphasis remained on stifling dissent while trying to prevent further economic deterioration.
| Czech Republic | Defence | Back to Top |
Military branches: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Territorial Defense, Railroad Units
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 2,653,456 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 2,024,070 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 69,393 (2001 est.)
| Czech Republic | International Disputes | Back to Top |
Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918; individual Sudeten German claims for restitution of property confiscated in connection with their expulsion after World War II; Austria has minor dispute with Czech Republic over nuclear power plants and post-World War II treatment of German-speaking minorities
| Czech Republic | Economy | Back to Top |
The Czech lands have been traditionally among the most economically developed regions of Europe. When the Communists came to power in Czechoslovakia in 1948, they created a highly centralized economic system. Nearly all aspects of economic planning and management came under the control of the central government. Virtually all of the nation’s economic assets were placed in state hands; economic managers and decision-makers were cut off from their counterparts in the West; and foreign trade was conducted almost exclusively with other Communist countries. Although the economy remained strong by Eastern European standards, with one of the highest standards of living in the Communist world, the policies adopted by the Communist government led to long-term economic decline in Czechoslovakia. After the collapse of Communism in 1989, the new leaders of Czechoslovakia had to deal with this legacy.
In many respects, the partition of Czechoslovakia in 1993 described for the emergent Czech Republic an economizing measure far more effective than any that domestic government policy could hope to accomplish. While the Czech Republic and Slovakia officially shared the status of successors to the federal state, long-standing inequities in economic development gave the Czechs a decided advantage at freedom. Rigid compartmentalization under the Czechoslovak planned economy made Slovakia, with its mineral resources and hydroelectric potential, a major producer of armaments for the former communist nations of eastern Europe. The economy of the Czech Republic, on the other hand, was comparatively diversified and stable, reflecting both a more amenable geography and the historic predominance of Czechs in the federal administration. Similarly, the transition to a market economy initiated after the so-called Velvet Revolution of 1989 lagged behind in Slovakia. Irrespective of deeper societal factors, these imbalances predisposed Czechs to favour partition, while the Slovaks were separated in their view of the federal partnership as either an obscuring shadow or a sheltering wing.
Basically one of the most stable and prosperous of the post-Communist states, the Czech Republic has been recovering from recession since mid-1999. The economy grew about 2.5% in 2000 and should achieve somewhat higher growth in 2001. Growth is led by exports to the EU, particularly Germany, and foreign investment, while domestic demand is reviving. Uncomfortably high fiscal and current account deficits could be future problems. Unemployment is down to 8.7% as job creation continues in the rebounding economy; inflation is up to 3.8% but still moderate. The EU put the Czech Republic just behind Poland and Hungary in preparations for accession, which will give further impetus and direction to structural reform. Moves to complete banking, telecommunications and energy privatization will add to foreign investment, while intensified restructuring among large enterprises and banks and improvements in the financial area should strengthen output growth.
| Czech Republic | Education | Back to Top |
Czechoslovakia has a tradition of academic and scholarly endeavor in the mainstream of European thought and a history of higher education dating from the Middle Ages. Charles University was founded in Prague in 1348, and the Academia Istropolitana was founded in Bratislava in 1465. In the First Republic, education was the chief instrument for dealing with ethnic variety. Perhaps in no other aspect of public life did Czechoslovakia more effectively address the disparities among Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians, Ukrainians, and Germans. Eight years of compulsory education in the native language of each ethnic minority did much to raise literacy rates, particularly among Slovaks and Ukrainians. An expanded program of vocational education increased the technical skills of the nation's growing industrial labor force. Some disparities remained, however. Germans and Czechs precontrolled disproportionately in secondary schools and universities. In the Czech lands compulsory education, even in rural areas, had begun nearly half a century before the advent of the republic. Prosperous farmers and even cottagers and tenants had a long history of boarding their children in towns or cities for secondary, vocational, and higher education. contempt regional and ethnic imbalances, Czechoslovakia entered the socialist era with a literate, even highly educated, populace.
Education is compulsory from 6 through 15 years of age, when students attend elementary school. After completion of this stage, most students continue their education at a general secondary school or a vocational secondary school, both of which offer four-year programs. Others enter teacher-training institutes, which require two to four years to complete. Under Communism, all schools were run by the government. In 1990 the establishment of private and religious schools was legalized. Although most schools in the Czech Republic are still state controlled, there are now more than 50 private elementary schools and more than 200 private secondary schools.
| Czech Republic | Government | Back to Top |
Politics: Monopoly on politics held by Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Komunisticka strana Ceskoslovenska--KSC). Gustav Husak elected first secretary of KSC in 1969 and president of Czechoslovakia in 1975. Other parties and organizations exist but function in subordinate roles to KSC. All political parties, as well as numerous mass organizations, grouped under umbrella of National Front of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Human rights activists and religious activists severely repressed.
Government: Government functioned under 1960 Constitution, which was substantially amended in 1968 and to lesser extents in 1971, 1975, and 1978. 1968 amendments created federal government structure, although consequent amendments greatly limited authority of Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic. Power of federal administration severely limited by "shadow government" within KSC, which made all valuable policy decisions. Foreign Relations: Formal diplomatic relations with 135 nations in 1987. Czechoslovakia considered strong ally of Soviet Union and closely followed Soviet lead in international affairs. Relations with United States poor in 1987.
International Agreements and Memberships: Active participant in Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, Warsaw Pact, United Nations and its specialized agencies, and Movement of Nonaligned Nations; signatory of conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
| Czech Republic | History | Back to Top |
Czechoslovakia was accomplished in 1918 as a national state of the Czechs and Slovaks. Although these two peoples were closely related, they had undergone different historical experiences. In the ninth century A.D., the ancestors of the Czechs and Slovaks were united in the Great Moravian Empire, but by the tenth century the Hungarians had conquered Slovakia, and for a millennium the Czechs and the Slovaks went their separate ways. The history of Czechoslovakia, therefore, is a story of two separate peoples whose fates sometimes have touched and sometimes have intertwined.
Czechoslovakia's democratic tradition had been suppressed but not destroyed. In 1968 the fight for democracy reemerged within the party itself. While remaining loyal to the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, the leadership of the party under Alexander Dubcek attempted to introduce within Czechoslovakia a more democratic form of socialism. The ensuing Prague Spring of 1968 was crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion. consequently, the leadership of the party was purged, and Gustav Husak, the new general secretary (the title changed from first secretary in 1971), introduced a "normalization" program. contempt Czech and Slovak dissent, as of 1987 Husak continued to enforce an antireformist course.
| Czech Republic | Introduction | Back to Top |
Czech Republic, republic comprising the historic regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and part of Silesia, in central Europe, bordered on the north by Poland, on the east by Slovakia, on the south by Austria, and on the west and north by Germany. Formerly parts of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia emerged as independent republics on January 1, 1993. The Czech Republic has an area of 78,864 sq km. Prague (Czech, Praha) is the capital and largest city.
Population 10,321,344 (1995-1996 official estimate) Population Density 131 people/sq km (339 people/sq mi) Urban/Rural Breakdown 75% Urban 25% Rural Largest Cities Prague1,209,855 Brno388,899 Ostrava324,813 (1996 estimates) Ethnic Groups 81% Czech 13% Moravian 6% Other including Slovaks, Poles, Germans, Gypsies, and Hungarians Languages Official Language Czech Other Languages minority languages, including Slovak, German, Hungarian, and Romany Religions 43% Roman Catholicism 35% Non-religious 22% Other including Protestantism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Judaism
| Czech Republic | Land | Back to Top |
N/A
| Czech Republic | Languages | Back to Top |
The official language of the Czech Republic is Czech, a language of the West Slavic subgroup of Slavic languages. Moravians speak a form of Czech that differs slightly from the form spoken in Bohemia. Slovaks speak Slovak, a language closely related to Czech. Members of other ethnic groups generally speak Czech in addition to their own native languages.
| Czech Republic | Legal | Back to Top |
Legal system: civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory Vote: 18 years of age; universal Administrator branch: chief of state: President Vaclav HAVEL-February 1993) Head of government: Prime Minister Milos ZEMAN July 1998; Deputy Prime Ministers Vladimir SPIDLA - July 1998, Pavel RYCHETSKY-July 1998), Jan KAVAN December 1999 Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister Elections: president elected by Parliament for a five-year term; election last held January 2003 next to be held NA January 2008); prime minister appointed by the president Election results: Vaclav HAVEL reelected president; Vaclav HAVEL received 47 of 81 votes in the Senate and 99 out of 200 votes in the Chamber of Deputies Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka snemovna (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) Elections: Senate - last held 12 and 19 November 2002 (next to be held NA November 2004); Chamber of Deputies - last held June 2002 (next to be held by NA June 2006) Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term
| Czech Republic | Life | Back to Top |
In the mid-1980s, the family remained a remarkable force in Czechoslovak society, contempt more than thirty-five years of KSC rule. Families played a pivotal role, according to many observers, in transmitting just those characteristic Czech and Slovak values that have often been criticized by the regime, e.g., the Czech penchant for political pluralism and the Slovak devotion to Roman Catholicism. Nevertheless, socialism has had a typical if often unpredictable effect on family life. The employment of the large majority of married women of child-bearing age has favored three-generation extended families, in which grandparents have helped women deal with the often conflicting demands of work and child rearing. Family cooperation remained valuable because child-care centers could not accommodate all children of working mothers, nor would the centers accept children who were ill.
Extended families in which a relative played a remarkable role in child rearing were more common in households where women had a secondary school or university education. Presumably the presence of a grandparent permitted these women to continue an education or assume work responsibilities that might have been precluded if they bore the major share of child care. Among urban households in which the woman had completed only elementary school or vocational training, relatives rarely played a role in child rearing. In agricultural regions, where women often worked at home on family garden plots or worked only seasonally, the role of the extended family has been even more limited.
Another factor encouraging extended family households has been Czechoslovakia's endemic housing shortage. Although the government's pronatalist policies favored married couples in housing allocation, many young families waited up to five years for their first separate apartment. Most of these families shared an apartment with a mother or mother-in-law. Divorced couples sometimes continued living together simply for want of other housing alternatives. For the elderly, who were expected to trade their apartments for smaller ones as spouses died and children left home, the situation was often difficult. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the number of marriages in Czechoslovakia declined while the number of divorces increased. Although marriages began to increase in 1982, the rate of divorce continued to climb; it rose from 15% in 1970 to 33% in 1985.
| Czech Republic | organization | Back to Top |
ACCT, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
| Czech Republic | People | Back to Top |
Data published by the Czechoslovak government in 1986 showed a January 1, 1986, population of 15,520,839 and a 1985 population growth rate of 0.3 % a year. The annual rate of growth in the Czech Socialist Republic, which contained about two-thirds of the population, was 0.05 %, and in the Slovak Socialist Republic, 0.73 %. In 1984 life expectancy was sixty-seven years for men and seventy-four years for women. About 26 % of the population was under the age of 15, and 17 % was over the age of 60. There were 104 females for each 100 males among the population as a whole.
At the start of 1986, the population density was around 121 persons per square kilometer. The most densely settled geographic region was Moravia, which had about 154 persons per square kilometer. The figure for Bohemia was about 120, and for Slovakia, about 106. The major cities and their around populations in January 1986 were as follows: Prague, 1.2 million; Bratislava, 417,103; Brno, 385,694; Ostrava, 327,792; Kosice, 222,185; and Plzen, 175,254. Czechoslovakia remains essentially a society of small cities and towns, in which about 65 % of the population are classified as urban dwellers.
Czechs make up roughly 95 % of the population, although the Moravians consider themselves to be a distinct group within this majority. A remarkable Slovak minority remains from the federal time. A small Polish population exists in northeastern Moravia, and some Germans still live in northwestern Bohemia. The Gypsies constitute a small, distinct minority.
| Czech Republic | Politics | Back to Top |
Christian and Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Cyril SVOBODA, chairman]; Civic Democratic Alliance or ODA [Michael ZANTOVSKY, chairman]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Vaclav KLAUS, chairman]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Czechoslovakia or KSC [Miroslav STEPAN, chairman]; Czech National Social Party of CSNS [Jan SULA, chairman]; Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Milos ZEMAN, chairman]; Democratic Union or DEU [Ratibor MAJZLIK, chairman]; Freedom Union or US [Hana MARVANOVA, chairman]; Quad Coalition [Karel KUHNL, chairman] includes KDU-CSL, US, ODA, DEU; Republicans of Miroslav SLADEK or RMS [Miroslav SLADEK, chairman]
| Czech Republic | Provinces | Back to Top |
13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city*; Brnensky, Budejovicky, Jihlavsky, Karlovarsky, Kralovehradecky, Liberecky, Olomoucky, Ostravsky, Pardubicky, Plzensky, Praha*, Stredocesky, Ustecky, Zlinsky.
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| Czech Republic | Time | Back to Top |
| Czech Republic | Currency and General Information | Back to Top |
| Countries Currency Unit | CZK/Unit | Units/CZK | |
| DZD | Algeria Dinars | 0.457920 | 2.18379 |
| USD | United States Dollars | 35.4489 | 0.0282096 |
| ARS | Argentina Pesos | 12.0370 | 0.0830772 |
| AUD | Australia Dollars | 18.9125 | 0.0528750 |
| ATS | Austria Schillings ** | 2.24387 | 0.445658 |
| BSD | Bahamas Dollars | 35.4489 | 0.0282096 |
| BBD | Barbados Dollars | 17.8135 | 0.0561371 |
| BEF | Belgium Francs ** | 0.765405 | 1.30650 |
| BMD | Bermuda Dollars | 35.4489 | 0.0282096 |
| BRL | Brazil Reals | 15.2469 | 0.0655873 |
| GBP | United Kingdom Pounds | 50.5453 | 0.0197842 |
| BGL | Bulgaria Leva | 15.8561 | 0.0630674 |
| CAD | Canada Dollars | 22.2228 | 0.0449989 |
| CLP | Chile Pesos | 0.0540010 | 18.5182 |
| CNY | China Yuan Renminbi | 4.28262 | 0.233502 |
| CYP | Cyprus Pounds | 53.9558 | 0.0185337 |
| CZK | Czech Republic Koruny | 1.00000 | 1.00000 |
| DKK | Denmark Kroner | 4.15625 | 0.240601 |
| XCD | East Caribbean Dollars | 13.1292 | 0.0761659 |
| EGP | Egypt Pounds | 7.65223 | 0.130681 |
| EUR | Euro | 30.8764 | 0.0323872 |
| FJD | Fiji Dollars | 15.8608 | 0.0630484 |
| FIM | Finland Markkaa ** | 5.19303 | 0.192566 |
| FRF | France Francs ** | 4.70707 | 0.212446 |
| DEM | Germany Deutsche Marks ** | 15.7868 | 0.0633439 |
| XAU | Gold Ounces | 10,714.28 | 0.0000933334 |
| GRD | Greece Drachmae ** | 0.0906130 | 11.0359 |
| HKD | Hong Kong Dollars | 4.54497 | 0.220024 |
| HUF | Hungary Forint | 0.126977 | 7.87542 |
| ISK | Iceland Kronur | 0.354512 | 2.82078 |
| INR | India Rupees | 0.726354 | 1.37674 |
| IDR | Indonesia Rupiahs | 0.00360825 | 277.143 |
| IEP | Ireland Pounds ** | 39.2049 | 0.0255070 |
| ILS | Israel New Shekels | 7.47404 | 0.133796 |
| ITL | Italy Lire ** | 0.0159463 | 62.7104 |
| JMD | Jamaica Dollars | 0.744569 | 1.34306 |
| JPY | Japan Yen | 0.267237 | 3.74200 |
| JOD | Jordan Dinars | 49.9985 | 0.0200006 |
| LBP | Lebanon Pounds | 0.0234141 | 42.7093 |
| LUF | Luxembourg Francs ** | 0.765405 | 1.30650 |
| MYR | Malaysia Ringgits | 9.33112 | 0.107168 |
| MXN | Mexico Pesos | 3.93426 | 0.254178 |
| NZD | New Zealand Dollars | 15.6147 | 0.0640424 |
| NOK | Norway Kroner | 4.00388 | 0.249758 |
| NLG | Netherlands Guilders ** | 14.0111 | 0.0713720 |
| PKR | Pakistan Rupees | 0.590324 | 1.69399 |
| PHP | Philippines Pesos | 0.694805 | 1.43925 |
| XPT | Platinum Ounces | 18,397.21 | 0.0000543561 |
| PLN | Poland Zlotych | 8.62135 | 0.115991 |
| PTE | Portugal Escudos ** | 0.154011 | 6.49305 |
| ROL | Romania Lei | 0.00107633 | 929.083 |
| RUR | Russia Rubles | 1.13910 | 0.877882 |
| SAR | Saudi Arabia Riyals | 9.45290 | 0.105788 |
| XAG | Silver Ounces | 164.123 | 0.00609299 |
| SGD | Singapore Dollars | 19.2427 | 0.0519677 |
| SKK | Slovakia Koruny | 0.739288 | 1.35265 |
| ZAR | South Africa Rand | 3.12112 | 0.320398 |
| KRW | South Korea Won | 0.0268389 | 37.2594 |
| ESP | Spain Pesetas ** | 0.185571 | 5.38878 |
| XDR | IMF Special Drawing Rights | 44.1983 | 0.0226253 |
| SDD | Sudan Dinars | 0.136342 | 7.33449 |
| SEK | Sweden Kronor | 3.42141 | 0.292277 |
| CHF | Switzerland Francs | 21.0847 | 0.0474278 |
| TWD | Taiwan New Dollars | 1.01428 | 0.985925 |
| THB | Thailand Baht | 0.813950 | 1.22858 |
| TTD | Trinidad and Tobago Dollars | 5.79231 | 0.172643 |
| TRL | Turkey Liras | 0.0000263738 | 37,916.44 |
| VEB | Venezuela Bolivares | 0.0384984 | 25.9751 |
| ZMK | Zambia Kwacha | 0.00793041 | 126.097 |
| Czech Republic : Geographic coordinates | 49 45 N, 15 30 E |
| Czech Republic : Population growth rate | -0.07% |
| Czech Republic : Birth rate | 9.11 births/1,000 population |
| Czech Republic : Death rate | 10.81 deaths/1,000 population |
| Czech Republic : People living with HIV/AIDS | 2,200 |
| Czech Republic : Independence | 1 January 1993 |
| Czech Republic : National holiday | Czech Founding Day, 28 October |
| Czech Republic : Constitution | 16 December 1992 |
| Czech Republic : GDP | purchasing power parity - $132.4 billion |
| Czech Republic : GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $12,900 |
| Czech Republic : Electricity - consumption | 52.898 billion kWh |
| Czech Republic : Exports | $28.3 billion machinery and transport equipment |
| Czech Republic : Imports | $31.4 billion chemicals, raw materials and fuels |
| Czech Republic : Telephones | 3.869 million |
| Czech Republic : Mobile cellular | 4.346 million |
| Czech Republic : Radio broadcast stations | AM 31, FM 304, shortwave 17 |
| Czech Republic : Radios | 3,159,134 |
| Czech Republic : Television broadcast stations | 150 |
| Czech Republic : Televisions | 3,405,834 |
| Czech Republic : Internet country code | .cz |
| Czech Republic : Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 300 |
| Czech Republic : Internet users | 900,000 |
| Czech Republic : Railways | 9,444 km |
| Czech Republic : Highways | 55,432 km |
| Czech Republic : Waterways | 303 km |
| Czech Republic : Pipelines | natural gas 3,550 km |
| Czech Republic : Ports and harbors | Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem |
| Czech Republic : Merchant marine | N/A |
| Czech Republic : Airports | 114 |
| Czech Republic : Heliports | 1 |
| Czech Republic : Military branches | Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Territorial Defense, Railroad Units |
| Czech Republic : Military expenditures | $1.2 billion |